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layer8: The drawback is that building an AST now requires a symbol table and resolving imports, possibly performing type inference and whatnot. You really want your programming language to avoid becoming context-sensitive in that way.
tgv: I don't think this is useful in complex situations/expressions. Structure has to be encoded in the same place as meaning somehow. Natural language does it by using an extraordinarily large set of signifiers. That's not feasible for a formal language.You could of course affix all lemmata with structural information, as free word order languages do, but that's introducing syntactic structure via the backdoor.